Identification ofSalmonellafor public health surveillance using whole genome sequencing
Ashton PM., Nair S., Peters TM., Bale JA., Powell DG., Painset A., Tewolde R., Schaefer U., Jenkins C., Dallman TJ., de Pinna EM., Grant KA.
<jats:p>In April 2015, Public Health England implemented whole genome sequencing (WGS) as a routine typing tool for public health surveillance of<jats:italic>Salmonella</jats:italic>, adopting a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) approach as a replacement for traditional serotyping. The WGS derived sequence type (ST) was compared to the phenotypic serotype for 6,887 isolates of<jats:italic>S. enterica</jats:italic>subspecies I, and of these, 6,616 (96%) were concordant. Of the 4% (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>= 271) of isolates of subspecies I exhibiting a mismatch, 119 were due to a process error in the laboratory, 26 were likely caused by the serotype designation in the MLST database being incorrect and 126 occurred when two different serovars belonged to the same ST. The population structure of<jats:italic>S. enterica</jats:italic>subspecies II–IV differs markedly from that of subspecies I and, based on current data, defining the serovar from the clonal complex may be less appropriate for the classification of this group. Novel sequence types that were not present in the MLST database were identified in 8.6% of the total number of samples tested (including<jats:italic>S. enterica</jats:italic>subspecies I–IV and<jats:italic>S. bongori</jats:italic>) and these 654 isolates belonged to 326 novel STs. For<jats:italic>S. enterica</jats:italic>subspecies I, WGS MLST derived serotyping is a high throughput, accurate, robust, reliable typing method, well suited to routine public health surveillance. The combined output of ST and serovar supports the maintenance of traditional serovar nomenclature while providing additional insight on the true phylogenetic relationship between isolates.</jats:p>