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\n \n \n \nPosted 05/05/2020. In this Cochrane qualitative review to inform the 2020 COVID19 pandemic, Xin Hui Chan and colleagues identify key barriers and facilitators to healthcare workers\u2019 adherence to infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines for respiratory infectious diseases to support policymakers and healthcare leaders in designing and implementing IPC guidelines. These include organisational factors (safety climate, design & communication of consistent PPE guidelines, availability of training programmes), physical environment (space, facility design, administrative controls, personal protective equipment availability), and individual factors (knowledge, beliefs, attitudes).
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\n \n \n \nPosted 21/04/2020. This study by Victor Chaumeau and colleagues was carried out in order to assess the longevity of insecticide mists applied to outdoor vegetation. Insecticidal effect of sprayed plant material against malaria mosquitoes lasted for several weeks. These results provide a strong rationale for using outdoor residual spraying against the mosquito vectors that rest outside premises.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 28/04/2020. In this comment Elizabeth Ashley and Aung Pyae Phyo discuss two recent studies of SJ733, a PFATP4 inhibitor. Compounds from this promising novel class of antimalarials kill parasites rapidly, a property previously unique to the artemisinin derivatives among antimalarials in use, and one that underpins their enormous success.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 24/04/2020. Scrub typhus is a major cause of fever in the tropics. Tri Wangrangsimakul and colleagues estimated the disease burden in Thailand and showed that the number of cases rose significantly over the last two decades. Age, sex and occupation along with meteorological and geographical factors may be important determinants of disease incidence.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 27/03/2020. Nguyen Thuy Thuong Thuong and colleagues in OUCRU, Vietnam, investigated the sources of multi-drug resistant TB in patients with undiagnosed isoniazid-resistant TB treated with first-line anti-TB therapy. They found that re-infection with a new multi-drug resistant TB strain was just as common as the emergence of rifampicin resistance.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 24/03/2020. This study by Morris Ogero and colleagues was based on over 50,000 patients from 13 referral hospitals in Kenya. Results suggest that >85% of admissions are conducted by pre-registration clinicians who are under experiential training. Although clinical assessment was according to guidelines, there was a major challenge in classification of illness severity leading to overuse of treatment.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 17/03/2020. This systematic review and meta-analysis by Amalee McCoy and colleagues synthesizes available evidence on the effectiveness of parenting interventions in preventing violence against children in the East and Southeast Asian region. The results suggest that parenting interventions can reduce rates of particular forms of violence against children, as well as promote positive parent-child interactions.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 25/06/2019. As investments in health research capacity strengthening (HRCS) consortia increase, it is essential to consider the role of management approaches used. Nadia Tagoe and colleagues present current evidence and discourse on HRCS consortium management, and show that it is critical to pay attention to both relational and operational aspects of consortia to achieve desired outcomes.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 20/09/2017. Ric Price shows that that primaquine is substantially less effective for preventing relapses of vivax malaria in real-world practice than is predicted by clinical efficacy trials and that this is a likely consequence of incomplete adherence to treatment. Efforts to improve adherence to primaquine and to develop alternative drugs with shorter dosing regimens and greater patient tolerability are needed to achieve the significant public health benefits of P. vivax radical cure.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 12/02/2019. In this study, Professor Ric Price, Rob Commons and colleagues show a high risk of vivax parasitaemia after treatment of falciparum malaria, particularly in areas with short relapse periodicity and after rapidly eliminated treatment. In co-endemic regions, universal radical cure for all patients with uncomplicated malaria has the potential to prevent recurrent parasitaemia, reduce ongoing transmission, and enhance malaria elimination efforts.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 06/03/2020. Prolongation of the electrocardiographic QT interval is a widely-used marker of the risk of developing abnormal heart rhythms. Several antimalarial drugs are associated with QT interval prolongation. Xin Hui Chan and colleagues found that malaria and fever also affect QT interval. To improve cardiac safety assessments, adjustment for QT interval prolongation occurring after recovery is needed. This would prevent unnecessary withdrawal of lifesaving antimalarial treatment.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 03/03/2020. It is challenging to know who needs antibiotics for a sore throat and fever. In Thailand, Rachel Greer and colleagues found a bacteria (group A Streptococcus) in less than 1 out 10 patients. These patients had a raised C-reactive protein blood test but it was not able to predict who had the bacteria.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 28/02/2020. Estimating the burden of iron deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa is challenging because infections influence iron biomarkers. After correcting for the effects of malaria and inflammation on iron biomarkers, Sarah Atkinson and colleagues show that over half of children are iron deficient and transferrin saturation may more accurately estimate the burden of iron deficiency in African children.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 25/02/2020. The effects of health worker strikes vary depending on strike duration, alternative healthcare available and responses adopted by management. Most strike-related research has focussed on ethical issues and impacts on mortality. Dennis Waithaka, Nancy Kagwanja, Sassy Molyneux and colleagues explore the experience of health managers and community members during two prolonged strike periods, lasting 250 days.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 14/02/2020. The delineation of disease-specific hospital catchments is important to identify populations marginalized from health services, but rarely investigated. Victor Alegana and colleagues set out to estimate the extent of malaria catchments and investigate hospitalisation for two severe malaria syndromes in children. Results suggest distinct geographic catchment for malaria and a reduced rate of hospitalisation outside of this catchment. These findings are useful in identifying communities where very sick children may require emergency care.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 11/02/2020. Hand, foot and mouth disease is an emerging infection with pandemic potential. To inform vaccine development, Tan Le Van and colleagues studied the antibody responses in 120 infected patients. Results support previous reports about the potential benefit of enterovirus-A71 vaccine, but emphasize the requirement for multivalent vaccines to control this emerging infection.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 07/02/2020. Within the research community, it is generally accepted that consent processes for research should be culturally appropriate and tailored to the context, yet researchers continue to grapple with what valid consent means within specific stakeholder groups. Evelyne Kestelyn and colleagues explored the consent practices and attitudes within hospital-based trial communities from four referral hospitals in Vietnam.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 04/02/2020. Primaquine radical cure for treatment of Plasmodium vivax is contraindicated in patients with G6PD deficiency. Ric Price, Benedikt Ley and colleagues review evidence from 11 studies of a novel point of care diagnostic (CareStart RDT) and show overall good performance under research conditions. Further feasibility studies are under way to assess its reliability under field conditions.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 31/01/2020. Drug-resistant strains of the bacterial pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae are an important and increasing cause of infant mortality in developing countries. In this study led by Professor Ben Cooper, researchers used mathematical modelling and whole genome sequencing to quantify the effects of antibiotics and other factors in driving the hidden transmission of this pathogen within a Cambodian neonatal unit.
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