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\n \n \n \nPosted 26/07/2023. Critical illnesses cause several million deaths annually, many occurring in low-resource settings. Despite great efforts and investments, lower income countries faced constraints in upscaling critical care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Rosanna Mazhar, Jacquie Oliwa and colleagues explore how Kenya\u2019s efforts to do so were operationalised, offering insights into some of the challenges faced.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 05/07/2023. The aetiology of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) varies greatly in Vietnam and is unknown in many cases. Hannah Brindle, Marc Choisy and colleagues used national surveillance data to analyse the spatio-temporal distribution of cases of AES from 1998 until 2016, which showed differences by region. The number of cases of AES was also positively associated other syndromes and pathogens, climate, landcover and the number of pigs suggesting that many cases may be due to vector-borne pathogens, particularly Japanese encephalitis virus.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 30/06/2023. Millions of affordable healthy homes are needed for the rapidly expanding population of sub-Saharan Africa. A pilot project in northern Tanzania demonstrates the potential of novel house designs to reduce infectious disease transmission in homes. Lorenz von Seidlein and colleagues describe the challenges experienced during the construction and initial evaluation of the novel homes.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 21/06/2023. In this paper, Tamara Willows and colleagues share how COVID-19 helped reflect on our global health research practice during the POETIC study. We add to ongoing discussions about decolonisation of global health by sharing the steps we took to put into action our commitment to equity within global health.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 20/06/2023. The SEBCOV study reveals captivating insights into the Malaysian experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. With a nationwide Movement Control Order and a race to administer vaccines, Malaysians faced unprecedented challenges. Phaik Kin Cheah, Phaik Yeong Cheah and colleagues highlight the coping strategies, economic impacts, lifestyle changes, and evolving perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 16/06/2023. The decline of malaria in Southeast Asia means other causes of fever are increasingly relevant, but often undiagnosed. Deployment of novel point-of-care tests for acute febrile illnesses in primary care settings is feasible if tests are user-friendly, well-selected for local pathogens, accompanied by disease-specific education, and have simple management algorithms. By Thomas Peto and Bipin Adhikari
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\n \n \n \nPosted 09/05/2023. Implementation of evidence-based newborn care interventions in low-resource settings works! Very and moderate preterm neonatal mortality reduced by 68% and 53% between 2008-2017 in refugees and migrants. Find out how Ahmar Hashmi, Verena Carrara, Rose McGready and SMRU colleagues achieved this.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 08/06/2023. Richard Maude and colleagues investigated dengue in Myanmar, focusing on its epidemiology, association with climate, and short-term prediction. Dengue was observed to be widespread across the country, with an increasing spatial reach. Incidence was influenced by climate factors, but varied across different regions. Utilizing time series analysis, researchers also forecasted dengue incidence one month ahead at subnational levels. The findings highlight the potential of spatiotemporal modelling to quantify risk factor associations and generate short-term predictions, assisting in intervention planning.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 26/05/2023. In a recent study from Angkor Hospital for Children, Paul Turner and colleagues recruited over 2,000 Cambodian children with clinical pneumonia in the first three years following pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) introduction nationally. PCV13 vaccinated children were less likely to have severe presentations, i.e. x-ray confirmed or hypoxic pneumonia, compared to non-vaccinated children.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 23/05/2023. Napat Khirikoekkong, Supa-at Asarath, Phaik Yeong Cheah, and colleagues analyse how the socio-cultural norm of Arr-nar or Kreng-jai influences the research experiences of individuals taking part in research on the Thai-Myanmar border. Arr-nar (in Burmese/Karen) or Kreng-jai (in Thai) encompasses multiple meanings including consideration for others and graciousness.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 10/05/2023. Although yellow fever vaccine provides a lifelong protection to most people, little research was done on HIV population. Josephine Bendera and colleagues evaluate the immunogenicity of fractional and standard doses of yellow fever vaccine on the HIV population. They demonstrate that fractional doses of vaccine are safe, effective and immunologically non inferior to standard doses in HIV-infected individuals.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 02/05/2023. The \u2018Antibiotic footprint\u2019 concept supports a global reduction in antibiotic overuse. In this paper, Direk Limmathurotsakul and colleagues describe \u2018antibiotic footprint calculator\u2019, an open-access, web-based application that lets anyone calculate how different individual decisions can reduce or increase their own personal antibiotic footprint.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 25/04/2023. Providing tuberculosis patients with optimal and timely treatment depends on rapid drug resistance diagnosis. Nguyen Thuy Thuong Thuong and colleagues applied a genome editing method and successfully detected drug resistance directly from sputum with 93.7% concordance to the standard phenotypic drug test, which potentially speeds up drug resistance diagnosis in tuberculosis and other infectious diseases.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 21/04/2023. Tuberculous meningitis kills around 25% of sufferers. New antimicrobial and adjunctive anti-inflammatory agents offer an unparalleled opportunity to reduce mortality. But small trials, testing single interventions, are unlikely to transform outcomes. Guy Thwaites and colleagues therefore propose a global platform trial in adults and children with tuberculous meningitis that will investigate multiple interventions at scale and at speed.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 19/04/2023. Lizah Nyawira and colleagues examined how health sector coordination influences the efficiency of the Kenyan health system. The study found that duplication, fragmentation, and misalignment of functions compromised coordination. This compromised efficiency by increasing transaction costs, impairing the implementation of health programs with negative impacts on health system performance.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 18/04/23. Dr Anh and colleagues investigated the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in Vietnam, 2021. The Alpha and Delta variants were the responsible viruses. The Delta variant was confined to AY.57 lineage, likely via a single introduction, causing over 1.7 million infections and more than 32,000 deaths. Viral transmission was strongly affected by non-pharmaceutical interventions.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 14/04/2023. Angela Moturi and colleagues investigate the accuracy of routine data in assessing rapid diagnostic test availability for enhancing healthcare accessibility in Kenya. They address concerns over non-reporting of data by triangulating information from routine systems and a health facility survey. Contrary to expectations, the study finds that non-reporting persists despite established capacity.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 12/04/2023. There are now 9 recognised lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with 1-4 being found most widely around the world. Lineage 4 is understood to have emerged in Europe and been introduced into Asia through trade and colonisation. Timothy Walker and colleagues have identified that relatively unique sub-lineages of lineage 4 have however been circulating between south-east Asian countries since being introduced, possibly with China serving as a conduit from Europe. This leads to the hypothesis that there may have been host population-specific evolution of lineage 4 in south-east Asia.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 24/03/23. Lynne Elson of KEMRI-Wellcome Trust and colleagues used thermography to help define a new disease severity classification for tungiasis (sand flea disease). In the process they found when children spent many months at home during COVID-19 school closures, the prevalence and severity of tungiasis increased.
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\n \n \n \nPosted 21/03/23. A collaborative study between Abdirahman Abdi's lab at KEMRI-Wellcome Trust, Kenya, and Prof Marti\u2019s Lab of Glasgow University, UK, has characterised the human environmental factors that drive malaria parasites, Plasmodium falciparum to invest into the transmission to the next host or continued replication within the current host to maximise survival.
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