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BackgroundAnal cytology has increasingly been used to screen for anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) among men who have sex with men (MSM) at increased risk for anal cancer. Use of liquid-based cytology has been reported to reduce fecal and bacterial contamination and air-drying artifact compared with conventional cytology. Costs associated with liquid-based cytology, however, may limit its use in resource-limited settings.MethodsAnal swab samples were collected from MSM participants and used to prepare conventional and liquid-based cytology slides. Abnormal conventional cytology results triggered referral for high-resolution anoscopy and biopsy. Agreement between the 2 cytology techniques and the positive predictive value ratios of histology confirmed AIN were calculated.ResultsAmong 173 MSM, abnormal anal cytology was identified in 46.2% of conventional and 32.4% of liquid-based slides. The results agreed in 62.4% of cases with a κ value of 0.49 (P < 0.001). HIV-infected MSM had a 3.6-fold increased odds of having discordant anal cytology results (95% confidence interval: 1.6 to 7.8; P = 0.001) compared with HIV-uninfected MSM. Histological AIN 2 and 3 were identified in 20 MSM. The positive predictive value ratios and 95% confidence interval indicated no difference between the 2 techniques.ConclusionsConventional anal cytology may be a preferred option for resource-limited settings given comparable performances to liquid-based cytology for the detection of AIN, although the agreement between the 2 techniques was lower among HIV-infected MSM. Due to high prevalence of abnormal anal cytology and AIN, health systems should prepare adequate infrastructure for high-resolution anoscopy services and AIN treatment.

Original publication

DOI

10.1097/qai.0b013e3182928ea6

Type

Journal

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

Publication Date

08/2013

Volume

63

Pages

464 - 471

Addresses

Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand. nittaya.p@trcarc.org

Keywords

Humans, HIV Infections, Carcinoma in Situ, Anus Neoplasms, Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal, Biopsy, Cytodiagnosis, Specimen Handling, Histocytological Preparation Techniques, Confidence Intervals, Odds Ratio, Predictive Value of Tests, Homosexuality, Male, Adult, Thailand, Anal Canal, Male