Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.
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Joukar F., Jozwiak JJ., Jungari SB., Jürisson M., Kabir A., Kadel R., Kahsay A., Kalankesh LR., Kalhor R., Kamil TA., Kanchan T., Kapoor N., Karami M., Kasaeian A., Kassaye HG., Kavetskyy T., Kebede HK., Keiyoro PN., Kelbore AG., Kelkay B., Khader YS., Khafaie MA., Khalid N., Khalil IA., Khalilov R., Khammarnia M., Khan EA., Khan M., Khanna T., Khazaie H., Shadmani FK., Khundkar R., Kiirithio DN., Kim Y-E., Kim D., Kim YJ., Kisa A., Kisa S., Komaki H., M Kondlahalli SK., Korshunov VA., Koyanagi A., G Kraemer MU., Krishan K., Bicer BK., Kugbey N., Kumar V., Kumar N., Kumar GA., Kumar M., Kumaresh G., Kurmi OP., Kuti O., Vecchia CL., Lami FH., Lamichhane P., Lang JJ., Lansingh VC., Laryea DO., Lasrado S., Latifi A., Lauriola P., Leasher JL., Huey Lee SW., Lenjebo TL., Levi M., Li S., Linn S., Liu X., Lopez AD., Lotufo PA., Lunevicius R., Lyons RA., Madadin M., El Razek MMA., Mahotra NB., Majdan M., Majeed A., Malagon-Rojas JN., Maled V., Malekzadeh R., Malta DC., Manafi N., Manafi A., Manda A-L., Manjunatha N., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansouri B., Mansournia MA., Maravilla JC., March LM., Mason-Jones AJ., Masoumi SZ., Massenburg BB., Maulik PK., Meles GG., Melese A., Melketsedik ZA., N Memiah PT., Mendoza W., Menezes RG., Mengesha MB., Mengesha MM., Meretoja TJ., Meretoja A., Merie HE., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Miller TR., Mini GK., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov EM., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Mithra P., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohamadi E., Mohammad Y., Mohammad KA., Darwesh AM., Gholi Mezerji NM., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadoo-Khorasani M., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed S., Mohammed JA., Mohebi F., Molokhia M., Monasta L., Moodley Y., Moosazadeh M., Moradi M., Moradi G., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradpour F., Morawska L., Velásquez IM., Morisaki N., Morrison SD., Mossie TB., Muluneh AG., Murthy S., Musa KI., Mustafa G., Nabhan AF., Nagarajan AJ., Naik G., Naimzada MD., Najafi F., Nangia V., Nascimento BR., Naserbakht M., Nayak V., Ndwandwe DE., Negoi I., 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BackgroundPast research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries.MethodsWe reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).FindingsIn 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505).InterpretationInjuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.