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Do you want to know more about Open Access? Find out about Act on Acceptance & ORCID from an expert? Book a place for our session on Tuesday 23rd August, 2-3pm in Room B at the WTCHG. Juliet Ralph, the Open Access Subject librarian, will be available for your toughest questions.
Human versus equine intramuscular antitoxin, with or without human intrathecal antitoxin, for the treatment of adults with tetanus: a 2 × 2 factorial randomised controlled trial
OUCRU
Posted 27/05/2022. This randomised controlled trial by Louise Thwaites and colleagues examined two different treatments for adults with tetanus. The first was spinal (intrathecal) injection of antitoxin compared to a sham (dummy) procedure (in addition to normal intramuscular injection) and showed no overall benefit. The second, comparing two types of intramuscular antitoxin (equine and human) also showed no difference between treatments
Cooperation in Countering Artemisinin Resistance in Africa: Learning from COVID-19
OCGHR
Posted 24/05/2022. Drug-resistant malaria is now a critical public health emergency on a global scale. The artemisinin resistance confirmed recently in Rwanda and Uganda is likely just the ‘tip of the spear’, with its spread likely to soon occur widely across endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Philippe Guerin and colleagues make five feasible recommendations, based on learnings from the COVID-19 experience on collecting, sharing and disseminating these critical data efficiently.
Evaluation of an audit and feedback intervention to reduce gentamicin prescription errors in newborn treatment (ReGENT) in neonatal inpatient care in Kenya: a controlled interrupted time series study protocol
KWTRP OCGHR
Posted 17/05/2022. In this study, leveraging a Kenyan Clinical Information Network, Timothy Tuti, Mike English and colleagues set out to evaluate at the clinical team level, if and how a comprehensive healthcare-specific feedback theory used to design and implement pharmacists-championed feedback strategies could help improve medication prescribing accuracy during inpatient neonatal care.
Characterising Kenyan hospitals’ suitability for medical officer internship training: a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional study
KWTRP OCGHR
Posted 11/05/2022. Yingxi Zhao and colleagues used data from a national health facility assessment to understand the capacity of Kenya internship hospital to provide internship training for medical doctors. They highlight the major gaps in staffing, equipment and service availability in those hospitals and call for more stringent and regular review and re-accreditation of internship hospitals to provide appropriate and well-resourced training.
Under the Mask: A Film on Tuberculosis at the Thai-Myanmar Border
MORU SMRU
Posted 13/05/2022. “Under the Mask” is a 75-min feature film that follows the lives of patients with TB who live on the Thai-Myanmar border. Phaik Yeong Cheah, Michele Vincenti Delmas and colleagues explains the genesis and development of the film, and how it has been used to engage communities at risk of TB.
Low Hemoglobin Levels Are Associated with Reduced Psychomotor and Language Abilities in Young Ugandan Children
KWTRP
Posted 17/05/2022. In this study, Margaret Nampijja, Agnes Mutua, Sarah Atkinson and colleagues found that lower maternal and infant hemoglobin levels were associated with reduced psychomotor scores at 15 months, and lower infant hemoglobin levels were associated with reduced language scores. These findings emphasize the importance of managing maternal and child anemia.
Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Association with Iron Deficiency in African Children
KWTRP
Postes 10/05/2022. In this study, Reagan Mogire and colleagues found that vitamin D deficiency was associated with a 98% increased risk of iron deficiency in African children and also influenced hepcidin and other markers of iron status. Both nutrients should be considered in strategies to manage their deficiencies in Africa.
Effects of iron intake on neurobehavioural outcomes in African children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
KWTRP
Posted 06/05/2022. Animal studies suggest an important role of iron in neurodevelopment. In this systematic review, Agnes Mutua, Sarah Atkinson and colleagues found limited evidence for the effects of iron supplementation on neurodevelopment in African children despite the high burden of iron deficiency in this population. Further well-conducted studies are needed.
Should peer reviewers be paid to review academic papers?
MORU
Posted 03/05/2022. We’ve all been there! Waiting forever for reviewers comments after submission our paper to a journal. The system is not working. Should we pay reviewers to review a paper? Will it make a difference? Phaik Yeong Cheah and Jan Piasecki give some arguments why we should. What are your thoughts?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission in Birmingham, UK, 2009–19: An observational study
OUCRU
Posted 20/04/2022. Although seasonality in tuberculosis is seen on all continents, explanations have remained elusive. In a 10-year population study of TB transmission in Birmingham, UK, Timothy Walker and colleagues see seasonality only among patients linked by recent transmission, with diagnoses peaking in spring time. TB’s incubation period may thus be even shorter than hitherto understood.
Mapping for engagement: setting up a community based participatory research project to reach underserved communities at risk for hepatitis C in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
OUCRU
Posted 19/04/2022. Jennifer Van Nuil and colleagues used a community-based participatory research approach to engage in dialogues with underserved groups at risk for hepatitis C in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. We present findings from stakeholder mapping meetings held with representatives from local organizations, including the challenges and dynamics of the communities.
Examining the unit costs of COVID-19 vaccine delivery in Kenya
KWTRP
Posted 12/04/2022. Evidence on the costs of delivering COVID-19 vaccines are useful inputs in planning for resource mobilization, and can inform vaccine priority setting decisions. Stacey Orangi, Edwine Barasa and colleagues present the unit costs of procuring and delivering the COVID-19 vaccine in Kenya across various vaccination strategies. These cost estimates can be used to inform local policy and may further inform parameters used in cost-effectiveness models.
The role of albumin and the extracellular matrix on the pathophysiology of oedema formation in severe malnutrition
KWTRP
Posted 08/04/2022. Kwashiorkor, a type of severe malnutrition associated with oedema, has been known for centuries but its mechanism remains elusive. This research by Jay Berkley and colleagues confirmed that low plasma albumin levels are necessary but not sufficient for oedema formation. Our findings suggest that lymphatic drainage may be impaired, which is a new discovery.
Facilitating safe discharge through predicting disease progression in moderate COVID-19: a prospective cohort study to develop and validate a clinical prediction model in resource-limited settings
COMRU MORU
Posted 29/03/2022. In regions with low Covid-19 vaccine coverage, health systems remain vulnerable to surges in infections. Arjun Chandna and colleagues developed three clinical prediction models to help identify patients safe for community-based management. Each model contains three simple clinical parameters (age, sex, SpO2) and one point-of-care biomarker, and could help protect resource-limited health systems.
Exploring healthcare workers’ perceptions on the use of morbidity and mortality audits as an avenue for learning and care improvement in Kenyan hospitals’ newborn units
KWTRP OCGHR
Posted 22/02/2022. In many sub-Saharan African countries, including Kenya, the use of mortality and morbidity audits in maternal and perinatal/neonatal care as an avenue for learning and improving care delivery is sub-optimal due to structural, organizational, and human barriers. In this exploratory qualitative study, Joyline Jepkosgei and colleagues examined process-related factors that generally influence M&M audits including health workers’ interactions and their experiences, institutional cultures, and broader health system contextual influences, which remain inadequately explored.
Evaluating and engaging: using participatory video with Kenyan secondary school students to explore engagement with health research
KWTRP OCGHR
Posted 25/03/2022. Alun Davies and colleagues used Participatory Video (PV) to explore how engagement with researchers influenced Kenyan school students’ perceptions of research and aspirations. PV highlighted the complex context in which engagement is situated where students’ time and attention is competed for against curricular, extracurricular, and social-cultural factors. We emphasise the importance of ensuring that engagement benefits students.
Triple therapy with artemether–lumefantrine plus amodiaquine versus artemether–lumefantrine alone for artemisinin-resistant, uncomplicated falciparum malaria: an open-label, randomised, multicentre trial
MORU
Posted 22/03/2022. The first randomised trial of artemether-lumefantrine plus amodiaquine for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in areas with a high prevalence of artemisinin resistance shows it is a well-tolerated, effective treatment for multidrug-resistant parasites. Coordinated by Tom Peto, James Callery and Rupam Tripura, the triple therapy provides an alternative first-line treatment in Southeast Asia and elsewhere, with an expected longer therapeutic lifetime than current artemisinin combination therapies.
Global challenges in preparedness and response to epidemic infectious diseases
OCGHR
Posted 23/03/2022. In this review, Piero Olliaro and colleague Els Torreele analyse the successes and failures with coronavirus disease 2019 and Ebola virus disease in shaping health systems and research for infectious disease epidemics. They highlight that epidemic preparedness means also tackling a series of ongoing outbreaks and make the case for a coordinated, public health-driven, portfolio approach.
Quantifying the indirect impact of COVID-19 pandemic on utilisation of outpatient and immunisation services in Kenya: a longitudinal study using interrupted time series analysis
KWTRP
Posted 18/03/2022. Steven Wambua and colleagues analysed monthly reports on utilization of outpatient and immunization services between Jan-2018 and Mar-2021 by all health facilities in Kenya to quantify the impact of COVID-19 on the utilization of the health services. Data was obtained from the District Health Information Software 2 (DHIS 2). We observed varied effects of the pandemic, with significant drops in attendance for most outpatient services while immunisation services remained unaffected.
History and evolution of tuberculosis and global health
MORU
Posted 15/03/2022. Bipin Adhikari reviews a book titled ‘Phantom Plague: How Tuberculosis Shaped History’ by Vidya Krishnan--a prominent medical science reporter. The book is a compelling journey into a history of medicine, current development of Tuberculosis epidemiology and treatment, and Global Health and is an essential read in Global Health.