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Oxford becomes the first British university ever to occupy top position in the global table, which judges the performance of 980 universities across 79 countries.
Feasibility of wearable monitors to detect heart rate variability in children with hand, foot and mouth disease
OUCRU
Posted 26/03/2024. Dr Le Nguyen Thanh Nhan and colleagues at the Oxford University Clinical Research Unit showed that wearable devices could be used to monitor heart activity in children with hand foot and mouth disease. This monitoring method was feasible even in young children, and the heart activity measured was linked with the virus causing the disease.
Effectiveness of a multi-country implementation-focused network on quality of care: Delivery of interventions and processes for improved maternal, newborn and child health outcomes
NDM-CGHR
Posted 12/03/2024. The Network for Improving Quality of Care for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (QCN) works with healthcare professionals to improve quality of care at global, national and local levels. In this evaluation Mike English and colleagues explore QCN’s effectiveness in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Malawi and Uganda and provide useful knowledge for future multi-country global health networks.
Vulnerability and agency in research participants’ daily lives and the research encounter: A qualitative case study of participants taking part in scrub typhus research in northern Thailand
MORU
Posted 12/03/2024. Phaik Yeong Cheah and colleagues conducted a qualitative study in northern Thailand among hilltribe ethnic minority groups to understand their challenges related to participating in research. These challenges included language barriers, travel difficulties, uncertain legal status and lack of access to healthcare. Researchers need to be aware of these to minimise the burdens of research participation.
Breaking the silence on first referral hospitals and universal health coverage
NDM-CGHR
Posted 01/03/2024. First referral hospitals (FRHs) are neglected in the current discourse on universal health coverage (UHC) in low-income and middle-income countries. Mike English and colleagues propose a comprehensive approach that increases the focus on FRHs in the UHC discourse and shows that they are integral to enhancing primary health care (PHC) in low-income and middle-income countries.
First referral hospitals in low- and middle-income countries: the need for a renewed focus
NDM-CGHR
Posted 28/02/2024. First referral hospitals (FRHs) fulfil important functions in health systems in low- and middle-income countries. Through three reviews Rosanna Mazhar and colleagues found confusion around the definition and function of FRHs and called for renewed interest and investment in FRHs from the global health academic and policy-making community.
Emerging Enterovirus A71 Subgenogroup B5 Causing Severe Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease, Vietnam, 2023
OUCRU
Posted 14/02/2024. Le Van Tan and colleagues describe a 2023 outbreak of severe hand, foot, and mouth disease in Vietnam caused by an emerging lineage of enterovirus A71 subgenogroup B5. Affected children were significantly older than those reported during previous outbreaks. The virus should be closely monitored to assess its potential for global dispersal.
Characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with pre-delta, delta and omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection in Indonesia (2020–2023): a multicentre prospective cohort study
OUCRU OUCRU-Indonesia
Posted 26/01/2024. A recent prospective study among Indonesian patients hospitalised with COVID-19, from 2020 to 2023, demonstrated that, despite lower disease severity than delta, the omicron variant still caused substantial patient burdens. Older and unvaccinated individuals remained at higher risk of adverse outcomes, warranting optimised treatment and vaccine booster strategies for this setting. By Raph Hamers
Individualised, short-course antibiotic treatment versus usual long-course treatment for ventilator-associated pneumonia (REGARD-VAP): a multicentre, individually randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial
MORU NDM-CGHR
Posted 26/01/2024. Ventilator-associated pneumonia is common amongst critically-ill patients. Mo Yin and colleagues investigated a personalized approach to shorten antibiotic duration, and found it as effective as a longer treatment in terms of death or pneumonia recurrence; it also reduced antibiotic side effects significantly. This study provides crucial evidence to guide antibiotic prescription to reduce resistance emergence.
Scoping review of interventions to improve continuity of postdischarge care for newborns in LMICs
NDM-CGHR
Posted 19/01/2024. Newborn mortality rates post-hospital discharge in low-and-middle-income countries are a growing concern, with most deaths occurring within 30 days of discharge. Gulraj Grewal and colleagues highlight the interventions used to support care continuity post-discharge, assumptions underpinning these interventions, opportunities and challenges, and whether participatory methods were used in intervention development.
Teledermatology to Improve Access to and Quality of Skin Care in Eastern Indonesia
OUCRU OUCRU-Indonesia
Posted 12/01/2024. Our recent study in Sumba, a remote island in eastern Indonesia, shows that teledermatology improves access to skin care. Using limited resources, this is a great way to empower frontline healthcare workers, build local capacity and support remote and medically underserved communities across the globe. The project is in collaboration with Sumba Foundation, Gadjah Mada University and OUCRU-Indonesia. From Marlous Grijsen
Early warning systems for malaria outbreaks in Thailand: an anomaly detection approach
MORU
Posted 16/01/2024. Oraya Srimokla, Sompob Saralamba and their team developed specialized anomaly detection algorithms and a dashboard to enhance Thailand's malaria surveillance and elimination efforts. This system improves outbreak prediction accuracy and integrates seamlessly with existing infrastructure, aiding in the effective monitoring and identification of potential malaria outbreaks at the provincial level.
Expanding the roles of community health workers to sustain programmes during malaria elimination: a meeting report on operational research in Southeast Asia
COMRU MORU
Posted 10/01/2024. As malaria progressively declines in Cambodia, there's a concern about the diminishing relevance of village malaria workers (VMWs). In August 2023, a meeting addressed the feasibility and policy implications of VMWs managing non-malarial fevers, part of the operational research in western Cambodia to ensure VMWs remain active until malaria elimination is achieved. From Bipin Adhikari.
Ethical and cultural implications for conducting verbal autopsies in South and Southeast Asia: a qualitative study
LOMWRU MORU SMRU
Posted 20/12/2023. The verbal autopsy method can be sensitive to the individuals interviewed, their families and communities. Prior to study implementation, Nan Shwe Nwe Htun, Tom Peto and SEACTN colleagues sought to explore local beliefs and practices about death to inform appropriate bioethical practices and found that verbal autopsy is acceptable across a wide range of cultural settings in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos PDR, and Cambodia.
Comparing the roles of community health workers for malaria control and elimination in Cambodia and Tanzania
MORU
Posted 12/12/2023. Bipin Adhikari and colleagues compared community health worker programmes between Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa using a systematic review of the published literature. This was supplemented by discussions with key informants in Cambodia and mainland Tanzania to inform the existing malaria service delivery strategies in Tanzania.
Characterising support and care assistants in formal hospital settings: a scoping review
KWTRP NDM-CGHR
Posted 05/12/2023. The adoption of ‘Care Assistants’ in formal hospital settings as a HRH strategy is gaining more traction in the Global North than the Global South. Vincent Kagonya and colleagues highlight their effect on care as well as gaps in the labelling, role assignment, training, clinical governance, and regulation in the clinical environment.
Accuracy of the direct agglutination test for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
LOMWRU MORU
Posted 01/12/2023. Parasitology is the gold standard for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), however, other less invasive tests are available such as the direct agglutination test (DAT). As part of the series of systematic reviews and meta-analysis on diagnostic accuracy of diagnostics for FIEBRE infections, Tamalee Roberts and colleagues estimate the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of DAT for the diagnosis of VL.
National prevalence and risk factors for tungiasis in Kenya
KWTRP
Posted 29/11/2023. Tungiasis is a highly neglected tropical skin disease for which the global disease burden is unknown. Lynne Elson and colleagues report here on the first ever national prevalence survey which found a 1.3% prevalence in Kenya with 40% of primary schools having at least one case and extreme heterogeneity in distribution.
The influence of internship training experience on Kenyan and Ugandan doctors’ career intentions and decisions: a qualitative study
KWTRP NDM-CGHR
Posted 28/11/23. Medical internship is a key period for doctors’ individual career planning and also a transition period for the broader labour market. Daniel Mbuthia and colleagues highlighted how experience during internship shaped medical doctors’ career intentions in Kenya and Uganda, and emphasized the importance of job availability and context in influencing doctors’ career choices.
A systematic review of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Myanmar
LOMWRU MOCRU MORU NDM-CGHR SMRU
Posted 21/11/2023. Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of preventable and treatable diseases common in Myanmar, primarily affecting marginalized rural communities. Myo Swe and colleagues provide an overview of reported NTDs in Myanmar over 100 years, indicating gaps in knowledge about certain diseases to inform future research directions related to NTDs in Myanmar.
A Prognostic Model for Critically Ill Children in Locations With Emerging Critical Care Capacity
COMRU MORU
Posted 20/11/23. Tools to assess illness severity are often impractical in settings with emerging critical care capacity. A prognostic model developed by Arjun Chandna and colleagues proved effective for triaging critically ill children. The tool provides holistic assessment of critical illness by combining measures of organ dysfunction with important contextual determinants of outcome, such as healthcare accessibility and the nutritional status of a child.