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Oxford Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health
Antimicrobial resistance in bacterial meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, or Haemophilus influenzae (2010–24): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Posted 10/02/2026. Gilbert Lazarus and Raph Hamers analysed antimicrobial resistance in bacterial meningitis, synthesising global data on Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae from 88 studies across 37 countries. Resistance to first-line antibiotics is common on rising in LMICs, threatening effective treatment and progress toward defeating meningitis by 2030. Strengthening syndrome-specific surveillance is critical to keeping treatment guidelines effective.
Health-economic impacts of age-targeted and sex-targeted Lassa fever vaccination in endemic regions of Nigeria, Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone: a modelling study
Posted 29/01/2026. Deirdre Hollingsworth and colleagues evaluated Lassa fever’s health and economic burden across West Africa and assessed future vaccination strategies. Preventive vaccine campaigns, particularly targeting adolescents and adults, could deliver substantial health and economic benefits once safe vaccines are available, supporting efficient and equitable immunisation planning in endemic regions.
Laboratory diagnosis of melioidosis
Posted 06/02/2026. Vanaporn Wuthiekanun and colleagues outline current best practices and challenges in the laboratory diagnosis of melioidosis, a frequently underdiagnosed yet life-threatening disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei. Drawing on global expertise from endemic and non-endemic regions, the authors highlight the importance of integrating rapid lateral flow assays, PCR, and genomic approaches to improve early detection and global surveillance.
Diaries in global health: a southern perspective
Posted 04/02/2026. Diaries in Global Health: A Southern Perspective traces Bipin Adhikari’s journey from rural Nepal to global health practice, using personal narratives to explore power, inequality, and contemporary global health discourses such as decolonisation. The book calls for epistemic indebtedness and positions Global South scholars as active producers of knowledge in a more humane, pluralistic global health field.
Support for the wellbeing of frontline healthcare workers should be incorporated in health emergency preparedness planning
Posted 03/02/2026. Kate McNeil and colleagues discuss the need to protect and promote frontline healthcare staff wellbeing within everyday practices of health organizations and in planning for health emergencies. They explore challenges facing staff and how crises add to routine stresses facing health systems, and then suggested potential next steps for action.
One health perspective of antibiotic resistance in enterobacterales from Southeast Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Posted 21/01/2026. Antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacterales remains a critical challenge in Southeast Asia. Yewei Xie, Mo Yin and colleagues synthesised regional data, identifying high resistance burdens across sectors while revealing critical gaps in cross-sectoral surveillance. These findings highlight the urgent need for a standardised regional network to strengthen evidence-informed preparedness and response
Spatiotemporal trends in P. falciparum malaria and identification of high-risk villages in Eastern Myanmar: an 8-year observational study
Posted 30/01/2026. Using routine weekly surveillance data from malaria posts in Hpapun Township, Myanmar (2014 - 2021), Jade Rae and colleagues developed a geostatistical model to estimate monthly Plasmodium falciparum incidence and identify villages with persistently higher-than-expected incidence, providing a practical approach for targeting resources and supporting malaria elimination.
Exploring leprosy perceptions in South Sulawesi, Indonesia: A mixed-methods study on knowledge, attitudes, practices, and stigma
Posted 28/01/2026. This mixed-methods study from Indonesia highlights low leprosy knowledge and persistent stigma driven by misconceptions and cultural beliefs. Stigma hinders care-seeking, social inclusion, and service delivery. Marlous Grijsen and colleagues call for integrated, stigma-sensitive community education, strengthened training for frontline healthcare workers, and sustained political and financial commitment to strengthen leprosy programmes.
Institutional design features of health insurance subsidy programmes in Africa: a narrative review
Posted 27/01/2026. Beryl Maritim and colleagues reviewed the design of 25 health insurance subsidy programmes across 18 African countries. They found that programmes are more effective when eligibility rules clearly and consistently include poor and vulnerable populations, funding is reliable, risks are pooled broadly, benefit packages are comprehensive, and out-of-pocket co-payments are low. Weak design results in uneven coverage and limited financial protection.
Low-dose yellow fever vaccination in infants: a randomised, double-blind, non-inferiority trial
Posted 23/01/2026. George Warimwe and colleagues investigated fractional dosing of yellow fever vaccine in Kenya and Uganda. While 500 IU was effective in adults, new results show it is insufficient in infants. These findings support WHO’s dose-sparing strategy for adults during outbreaks but confirm standard doses are necessary for routine infant immunisation.
Housing modifications for heat adaptation
Posted 20/01/2026. Better housing can lead to better health. Retrofitting of existing housing may be the fastest way and needs the least start up capital but the results are often suboptimal compared to a novel house design. Salum Mshamu, Lorenz von Seidlein, and Jakob Knudsen comment on a recent study of house modification in Kenya in nature medicine.
Developing and integrating physician assistants/associates in UK hospital teams: a realist review of lessons from international experiences
Posted 16/01/2026. Physician associates / assistants (PAs) were introduced into NHS hospitals to help address workforce shortages, but recent controversy exposed concerns about roles, supervision, and professional boundaries. Yingxi Zhao and colleagues reviewed international evidence on how PAs are developed and integrated in hospital teams, offering practical lessons to inform ongoing workforce reforms in the UK.
Teledermatology Exposes a Neglected Endemic: The Hidden Burden of Tinea Imbricata in Eastern Indonesia
Posted 14/01/2026. Tinea imbricata is a severely neglected skin condition that remains under-reported in Indonesia. Through their teledermatology initiative, Marlous Grijsen and colleagues identified six individuals affected by this condition and demonstrated how digital tools can help bridge gaps in access to skin care in remote settings.
Tafenoquine lactation pharmacokinetics: a pilot study
Posted 09/01/2026. First report: tafenoquine antimalarial concentrations in breast milk have been measured by Mellie Gilder, Eh Heet and colleagues at Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, an important step to vivax elimination. Details of drug concentrations in foremilk vs. hindmilk, and abundant vs. scarce milk volumes shed new light on the dynamics of lactation pharmacokinetics.
Single-step versus conventional injectable artesunate for severe malaria in children: an open label, non-inferiority randomized clinical trial, Democratic Republic of the Congo and United Republic of Tanzania
Posted 7/1/2026. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Tanzania, a randomized clinical trial led by Prof Marie Onyamboko, Dr Samwel Gesase, and Dr Caterina Fanello demonstrated that, in children with severe malaria, one-step injectable artesunate was quicker and cheaper to administer and had equivalent safety and efficacy compared with the conventional formulation.
Longitudinal patterns of antiretroviral treatment interruptions in a high burden, low-resource setting in South Africa: a retrospective cohort study
Posted 13/1/2026. This analysis of a large South African cohort demonstrated that HIV treatment interruptions were common and recurrent: nearly three-quarters of people disengaged from ART within six years, undermining the impact of antiretroviral programmes. Although most re-engaged, viral suppression remained poor after return, and interruptions were poorly predicted by routine demographic and clinical profiles, highlighting the need for more nuanced targeting of engagement support. By Claire Keene
The underperforming Abbott-Bioline Malaria Ag P.f/P.v rapid diagnostic test: a whiter shade of pale - where the truth is not plain to see
Posted 06/01/2026. Widely used Abbott-Bioline malaria RDTs failed to detect most vivax malaria cases in Myanmar (sensitivity: 0.24). The absence of the positivity colour band was objectively confirmed using ImageJ® image-processing software. Despite clear evidence of poor performance presented since August 2024, neither WHO (ISF) nor Abbott took action, resulting in large-scale, preventable morbidity and mortality. These RDTs should not be used. By Frank Smithuis.
Prospective characterisation of drug-resistant bloodstream infections in Africa and Asia (ACORN2): a surveillance network assessment
Posted 17/12/2025. The burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in many low- and middle-income countries remains largely unknown. The Wellcome-funded ACORN2 study worked with clinical teams in 19 hospitals across Africa and Asia to identify a high incidence of AMR in bloodstream infections caused by global priority bacterial pathogens. By Paul Turner
Access to hypertension services and health-seeking experiences in rural Coastal Kenya: A qualitative study
Posted 12/12/2025. Robinson Oyando, Benjamin Tsofa and colleagues examined barriers to hypertension care in rural coastal Kenya, revealing low awareness, weak patient-provider relationships, medicine shortages, and financial challenges. Many begin treatment late, often after complications arise. These findings highlight the need for patient-centred care and stronger health system capacity to improve hypertension management and outcomes.
Assessing the impact of tungiasis on children’s quality of life in Kenya
Posted 16/12/2025. Tungiasis, a neglected tropical skin disease, harms children’s quality of life. Lynne Elson and colleagues found its effects worsened when caregivers were depressed but lessened with caregiver affection. The infection disrupts sleep and provokes sadness and shame, underscoring the importance of psychosocial factors in disease burden and child well‑being.