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The Royal Society recognises Professor Dominic Kwiatkowski’s pioneering work on malaria, and particularly the use of genomic epidemiology to understand the evolutionary arms race that is going on between human, parasite and mosquito populations in Africa and other tropical regions of the world. Professor Kwiatkowski joins an existing membership of approximately 1600 of the most distinguished scientists from the United Kingdom, other Commonwealth countries and the Republic of Ireland.
Accelerating Progress Towards the 2030 Neglected Tropical Diseases Targets: How Can Quantitative Modeling Support Programmatic Decisions?
NDM-CGHR
Posted 08/05/2024. The NTD Modelling consortium and WHO hosted a stakeholder meeting to identify priority modelling questions that are relevant for decision-makers, especially those designing, implementing and evaluating national and subnational programs, to achieve the ambitious targets set out in the NTD 2021–2030 road map. Future modelling studies should continue to move towards models which support better programmatic action by incorporating local context. By Andreia Vasconcelos.
Comparison of lumefantrine, mefloquine, and piperaquine concentrations between capillary plasma and venous plasma samples in pregnant women with uncomplicated falciparum and vivax malaria
MORU NDM-CGHR SMRU
Posted 01/05/2024. Makoto Saito and SMRU colleagues compared capillary and venous plasma concentrations of mefloquine, lumefantrine, and piperaquine in pregnant women with malaria. While there was a strong correlation, direct interchangeability was limited. Predictability within a ±10% precision range varied by drug. Caution is needed when converting capillary samples at the individual level.
Strategies for Deploying Pediatric Death Audit to Improve Quality of Care
NDM-CGHR
Posted 26/04/2024. Pediatric death audits can be used to improve health care quality and outcomes for children. In this report, MOMENTUM Country and Global Leadership examined the use of death audits in Kenya, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, and Zambia. These experiences suggested both challenges in the use of death audits for improving pediatric quality care as well as options to begin developing effective systems that incorporate audits, even in low-resource settings. Three HSC researchers are members of the Momentum team.
IQID short course
The Investigating Quality and Safety and Intervention Design in Health Services (IQID) course explores the 'diagnosis' of health care delivery challenges, explains interventions as change processes and supports participants to develop practical strategies for evaluation and intervention. December 9th to 13th 2024 at Christ Church, Oxford.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of a multiplex lateral flow rapid diagnostic test for acute non-malarial febrile illness in rural Cambodia and Bangladesh
MORU
Posted 09/04/2024. Using data collected in the SEACTN Rural Febrile Illness project, Christopher Chew and colleagues evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a putative multiplex rapid diagnostic test able to diagnose enteric fever and dengue, coupled with CRP measurement to guide antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections, in rural Cambodian and Bangladeshi primary care settings.
Interventions to address antimicrobial resistance: an ethical analysis of key tensions and how they apply in low- income and middle-income countries
MORU
Posted 05/04/2024. There are complex ethical tensions and competing interests that surround interventions to mitigate antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In this paper, Phaik Yeong Cheah, Bipin Adhikari and colleagues have identified how these are especially reflected in low- and middle-income countries. They highlight that these ethical tensions need to be kept in mind when designing AMR policies.
Feasibility of wearable monitors to detect heart rate variability in children with hand, foot and mouth disease
OUCRU
Posted 26/03/2024. Dr Le Nguyen Thanh Nhan and colleagues at the Oxford University Clinical Research Unit showed that wearable devices could be used to monitor heart activity in children with hand foot and mouth disease. This monitoring method was feasible even in young children, and the heart activity measured was linked with the virus causing the disease.
Effectiveness of a multi-country implementation-focused network on quality of care: Delivery of interventions and processes for improved maternal, newborn and child health outcomes
NDM-CGHR
Posted 12/03/2024. The Network for Improving Quality of Care for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (QCN) works with healthcare professionals to improve quality of care at global, national and local levels. In this evaluation Mike English and colleagues explore QCN’s effectiveness in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Malawi and Uganda and provide useful knowledge for future multi-country global health networks.
Vulnerability and agency in research participants’ daily lives and the research encounter: A qualitative case study of participants taking part in scrub typhus research in northern Thailand
MORU
Posted 12/03/2024. Phaik Yeong Cheah and colleagues conducted a qualitative study in northern Thailand among hilltribe ethnic minority groups to understand their challenges related to participating in research. These challenges included language barriers, travel difficulties, uncertain legal status and lack of access to healthcare. Researchers need to be aware of these to minimise the burdens of research participation.
Breaking the silence on first referral hospitals and universal health coverage
NDM-CGHR
Posted 01/03/2024. First referral hospitals (FRHs) are neglected in the current discourse on universal health coverage (UHC) in low-income and middle-income countries. Mike English and colleagues propose a comprehensive approach that increases the focus on FRHs in the UHC discourse and shows that they are integral to enhancing primary health care (PHC) in low-income and middle-income countries.
First referral hospitals in low- and middle-income countries: the need for a renewed focus
NDM-CGHR
Posted 28/02/2024. First referral hospitals (FRHs) fulfil important functions in health systems in low- and middle-income countries. Through three reviews Rosanna Mazhar and colleagues found confusion around the definition and function of FRHs and called for renewed interest and investment in FRHs from the global health academic and policy-making community.
Emerging Enterovirus A71 Subgenogroup B5 Causing Severe Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease, Vietnam, 2023
OUCRU
Posted 14/02/2024. Le Van Tan and colleagues describe a 2023 outbreak of severe hand, foot, and mouth disease in Vietnam caused by an emerging lineage of enterovirus A71 subgenogroup B5. Affected children were significantly older than those reported during previous outbreaks. The virus should be closely monitored to assess its potential for global dispersal.
Characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with pre-delta, delta and omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection in Indonesia (2020–2023): a multicentre prospective cohort study
OUCRU OUCRU-Indonesia
Posted 26/01/2024. A recent prospective study among Indonesian patients hospitalised with COVID-19, from 2020 to 2023, demonstrated that, despite lower disease severity than delta, the omicron variant still caused substantial patient burdens. Older and unvaccinated individuals remained at higher risk of adverse outcomes, warranting optimised treatment and vaccine booster strategies for this setting. By Raph Hamers
Individualised, short-course antibiotic treatment versus usual long-course treatment for ventilator-associated pneumonia (REGARD-VAP): a multicentre, individually randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial
MORU NDM-CGHR
Posted 26/01/2024. Ventilator-associated pneumonia is common amongst critically-ill patients. Mo Yin and colleagues investigated a personalized approach to shorten antibiotic duration, and found it as effective as a longer treatment in terms of death or pneumonia recurrence; it also reduced antibiotic side effects significantly. This study provides crucial evidence to guide antibiotic prescription to reduce resistance emergence.
Scoping review of interventions to improve continuity of postdischarge care for newborns in LMICs
NDM-CGHR
Posted 19/01/2024. Newborn mortality rates post-hospital discharge in low-and-middle-income countries are a growing concern, with most deaths occurring within 30 days of discharge. Gulraj Grewal and colleagues highlight the interventions used to support care continuity post-discharge, assumptions underpinning these interventions, opportunities and challenges, and whether participatory methods were used in intervention development.
Teledermatology to Improve Access to and Quality of Skin Care in Eastern Indonesia
OUCRU OUCRU-Indonesia
Posted 12/01/2024. Our recent study in Sumba, a remote island in eastern Indonesia, shows that teledermatology improves access to skin care. Using limited resources, this is a great way to empower frontline healthcare workers, build local capacity and support remote and medically underserved communities across the globe. The project is in collaboration with Sumba Foundation, Gadjah Mada University and OUCRU-Indonesia. From Marlous Grijsen
Early warning systems for malaria outbreaks in Thailand: an anomaly detection approach
MORU
Posted 16/01/2024. Oraya Srimokla, Sompob Saralamba and their team developed specialized anomaly detection algorithms and a dashboard to enhance Thailand's malaria surveillance and elimination efforts. This system improves outbreak prediction accuracy and integrates seamlessly with existing infrastructure, aiding in the effective monitoring and identification of potential malaria outbreaks at the provincial level.
Expanding the roles of community health workers to sustain programmes during malaria elimination: a meeting report on operational research in Southeast Asia
COMRU MORU
Posted 10/01/2024. As malaria progressively declines in Cambodia, there's a concern about the diminishing relevance of village malaria workers (VMWs). In August 2023, a meeting addressed the feasibility and policy implications of VMWs managing non-malarial fevers, part of the operational research in western Cambodia to ensure VMWs remain active until malaria elimination is achieved. From Bipin Adhikari.
Ethical and cultural implications for conducting verbal autopsies in South and Southeast Asia: a qualitative study
LOMWRU MORU SMRU
Posted 20/12/2023. The verbal autopsy method can be sensitive to the individuals interviewed, their families and communities. Prior to study implementation, Nan Shwe Nwe Htun, Tom Peto and SEACTN colleagues sought to explore local beliefs and practices about death to inform appropriate bioethical practices and found that verbal autopsy is acceptable across a wide range of cultural settings in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos PDR, and Cambodia.
Comparing the roles of community health workers for malaria control and elimination in Cambodia and Tanzania
MORU
Posted 12/12/2023. Bipin Adhikari and colleagues compared community health worker programmes between Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa using a systematic review of the published literature. This was supplemented by discussions with key informants in Cambodia and mainland Tanzania to inform the existing malaria service delivery strategies in Tanzania.