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Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) protect against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among vaccinees. However, at population level, this protection is driven by indirect effects. PCVs prevent nasopharyngeal acquisition of vaccine-serotype (VT) pneumococci, reducing onward transmission. Each disease episode is preceded by infection from a carrier, so vaccine impacts on carriage provide a minimum estimate of disease reduction in settings lacking expensive IPD surveillance. We documented carriage prevalence and vaccine coverage in two settings in Nigeria annually (2016-2020) following PCV10 introduction in 2016. Among 4,684 rural participants, VT carriage prevalence fell from 21 to 12% as childhood (<5 years) vaccine coverage rose from 7 to 84%. Among 2,135 urban participants, VT carriage prevalence fell from 16 to 9% as uptake rose from 15 to 94%. Within these ranges, carriage prevalence declined with uptake. Increasing PCV10 coverage reduced pneumococcal infection at all ages, implying at least a comparable reduction in IPD.

Original publication

DOI

10.1038/s41467-023-38277-z

Type

Journal

Nature communications

Publication Date

05/2023

Volume

14

Addresses

KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya. aladamu.cmed@buk.edu.ng.

Keywords

Humans, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pneumococcal Infections, Pneumococcal Vaccines, Vaccines, Conjugate, Child, Nigeria