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BackgroundPulmonary infections caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are hard to treat and have low cure rates despite intensive multidrug therapy.ObjectivesTo assess the feasibility of tedizolid, a new oxazolidinone, for the treatment of Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium abscessus.MethodsWe determined MICs of tedizolid for 113 isolates of NTM. Synergy with key antimycobacterial drugs was assessed using the chequerboard method and calculation of the FIC index (FICI). We performed time-kill kinetics assays of tedizolid alone and combined with amikacin for M. abscessus and with ethambutol for M. avium. Human macrophages were infected with M. abscessus and M. avium and subsequently treated with tedizolid; intracellular and extracellular cfu were quantified over time.ResultsNTM isolates generally had a lower MIC of tedizolid than of linezolid. FICIs were lowest between tedizolid and amikacin for M. abscessus (FICI = 0.75) and between tedizolid and ethambutol for M. avium (FICI = 0.72). Clarithromycin and tedizolid showed initial synergy, which was abrogated by erm(41)-induced macrolide resistance (FICI = 0.53). Tedizolid had a weak bacteriostatic effect on M. abscessus and combination with amikacin slightly prolonged its effect. Tedizolid had concentration-dependent activity against M. avium and its efficacy was enhanced by ethambutol. Both combinations had a concentration-dependent synergistic effect. Tedizolid could inhibit the intracellular bacterial population of both M. avium and M. abscessus.ConclusionsTedizolid should be further investigated in pharmacodynamic studies and clinical trials for M. avium complex pulmonary disease. It is less active against M. abscessus, but still promising.

Original publication

DOI

10.1093/jac/dkz511

Type

Journal

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

Publication Date

03/2020

Volume

75

Pages

609 - 617

Addresses

Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Keywords

Humans, Macrolides, Tetrazoles, Oxazolidinones, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Leprostatic Agents, Drug Therapy, Combination, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria