Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition that affects how people communicate, socialise, and experience the world around them. Each person with autism is different, with their own strengths and challenges. While some live independently, others need significant support in daily life.
In Kenya, awareness and understanding of autism are still developing. Misconceptions—such as autism being caused by witchcraft or poor parenting—can lead to stigma and isolation for affected families. These beliefs, along with a shortage of trained specialists and diagnostic services, delay diagnosis and limit access to support.
Scientific research shows autism may be caused by a mix of genetic and environmental factors. Recent studies in Kenya have identified specific genetic variants linked to autism and other developmental conditions. However, most services remain difficult to access, especially outside urban areas.
The KEMRI Wellcome Trust Research Programme is working with international partners through the NeuroDev Project to improve understanding of autism in African populations. Their work is helping to make diagnosis more accurate and inclusive. New initiatives, such as trials of the World Health Organization’s Caregiver Skills Training (CST) programme, are being tested to support families in practical ways.
Experts are calling for more training for healthcare workers and teachers, better diagnostic tools, and stronger national data on autism. With policy changes like the 2023 amendment to the Persons with Disabilities Act, there is hope for improved support—but this must be matched with real action, investment, and public awareness.