Mental and substance use disorders are a growing public health concern in Kenya, contributing to high levels of disability and mortality. Depression is the most common condition, affecting 4–10% of adults, often alongside anxiety, especially among women and youth. Substance use—particularly alcohol and miraa (khat)—is widespread among men and young adults, while severe mental illnesses like schizophrenia account for a quarter of psychiatric hospital admissions.
Despite this burden, mental health services remain underfunded and stigmatised, with more than 75% of affected individuals never seeking formal care. Cultural beliefs and limited access to professional services often lead people to rely on traditional or faith-based healing. However, recent research highlights the potential for collaboration between traditional and biomedical systems to improve access and early diagnosis.
Kenya is shifting from policy to action, supported by initiatives like the Kilifi County Mental Health Action Plan (2023–2027) and the national rollout of 100,000 professionalised Community Health Promoters. These local health workers now serve as crucial links between households and clinics.
Research institutions continue to guide policy by providing data to inform interventions. Continued investment in workforce development, stigma reduction, and primary care integration is essential to sustain momentum and ensure equitable mental health access across the country.